Rationale and legal significance case

Method of reasoning and legitimate importance case Presentation Value won't impeccable a defective blessing, this saying from Milroy (1862) had been perceived as the severe standard that apply to the region of law identified with the exchange of a blessing. Judges and the lawful calling had embraced this standard for a long time. In any case, this inflexible necessity had been loose after the choice in Pennington (2002). In the followings, I will talk about the reason and the legitimate noteworthiness of this case. Choice in Chancery Division Before the case went to the Court of Appeal, Judge Howarth (Judge of Chancery Division) held that Mr. Pennington was not the companys operator. He held that the endowment of 400 offers became successful when Ada executed the offer exchange structure and there was no lawful prerequisite for the structure to be conveyed to the donee/organization. He additionally held that the penetrate of article 8(B) didn't render the blessing incapable. Two of the recipients spoke to the Court of Appeal on the focuses that: (1) Doctrine in Re Rose ought to be applied and the exchange structure ought to be conveyed to the donee/organization before the givers demise. (2)And the exchange penetrated a pre-emption provision in article 8(B); (3) The giver couldn't be said to have done her absolute best to impact the transfer[1]. Choice of Court of Appeal The court collectively excused the case, yet for various reasons.[2] The outline of the judgment and thinking will be talked about beneath. Arden LJs first Judgment The pre-emption arrangements in the article 8(B) of the organization didn't forestall Adas offer to be moved to Harold. Thinking Article 8(B) required a deal notice to be given. No deal notice was served on the organization under article 8(B). Along these lines, it created the impression that Ada, Harold and Pennington were uninformed of the pre-emption arrangements in the article 8(B) of the organization. second Judgment It would be unconscionable for Ada or her own delegates not to move the offers to Harold Thinking There were 6 realities in this conditions offer ascent to the judgment : (1) Ada had made the endowment willingly; (2) Ada had informed Harold regarding the blessing; (3) Ada had marked a type of move; (4) Ada had conveyed the type of move to Mr. Pennington for him to make sure about enlistment; (5) Mr. Pennington had disclosed to Harold that there was no activity that he have to take and Harold had not scrutinized this assurance[3]; (6) Harold consented to turn into a chief of the organization unbounded of time, which he was unable to manage without shares being moved to him.[4] The general principle was that Equity won't help a volunteer [5], however AdrenLJ depended on the judgment in Choithram Although value won't help a volunteer, it won't endeavor impertinently to overcome a gift,[6] and henceforth regent the exchange of the offers in value. She accepted that in the above conditions, where contributors heart was influenced and it would be unconscionable and as opposed to the standards of value to permit Ada to resile. third Judgment Conveyance of the offer exchange before her passing was pointless most definitely. Thinking In spite of the fact that Re Rose required the stock exchange structure to be given over to the donee, she didn't believe that the proportion consistently requires a conveyance of the offer exchange structure to the donee,[7] and this prerequisite can be shed in certain conditions. In this situation, there was a reasonable finding that Ada had an unmistakable expectation to make a prompt blessing. The prerequisite of genuine conveyance could be abstained from. Additionally, Adren LJ embraced the standard of kindhearted development to build Mr Pennington as an operator for Harold to present the offer exchange to the company.[8] Therefore, conventional prerequisites of Re Rose were accordingly satisfied.[9] Clarke LJs The judgment of Clarke LJ is by all accounts not the same as that given by AdrenLJ. The primary distinction in the judgment will be clarified underneath: Judgment Ada had executed a legitimate exchange of the fair title with the outcome that Ada had held the lawful title as trustee.[10] The execution of a stock exchange structure can have impact as an impartial task without the need of an exchange or conveyance of the structure Thinking ClarkeLJ held that when Ada executed the stock exchange structure, she had passed the advantageous enthusiasm to Harold. She would then hold the legitimate enthusiasm for the offers on trust for Harold until enlistment in Harolds name. Despite the fact that the exacting guideline was that the giver more likely than not done everything conceivable to impact the exchange of his fair intrigue. Yet, he accepted the saying can't be completely evident since there is continually something more that the contributor could have done. ClarkeLJ accepted there was no need of an exchange/conveyance, since even Ada had conveyed the exchange structure to Harold, she could have accomplished more by making a particular solicitation to the organization to enroll the offers in Harolds name. In addition, there was nothing in the Stock Transfer Act 1963 s.1 which recommended that conveyance was important to impact the exchange. Accordingly ClarkeLJ accepted that Ada had done everything conceivable thing conceivable to impact the exchange for the followings reasons: (1)Ada had executed the right offer exchange structure; (2) Ada had offered it to Pennington; (3) Ada had not figured it important to find a way to impact the exchange to Harold, and in the event that she had been approached to do as such, she would have done it; (4) Ada had not at any stage planned to claim an authority to pull back the structure; (5) The offers that she expected to provide for Harold during her lifetime didn't frame any piece of the topic of her will. Questionable This case is viewed as being questionable since ArdenLJ embraced two imaginative plans to consummate the exchange even without genuine conveyance of the offer exchange structure; they are (1) Unconscionability Test and (2) Benevolent Principles of Construction. The possibility of unconscionability originate from the choice of Choithram that if in the conditions, the contributors soul is influenced and it would be unconscionable and as opposed to the rule of value to permit the giver to resile from the blessing. Be that as it may, in the judgment of ArdenLJ, she didnt give any solid clarification of what will fulfill the necessity of unconscionability nor give any rule. Arden LJ clarified that the constitution of unconscionability is exclusively depended on the finding from the realities and relied upon the understanding of the court. Especially, Harold didn't show any proof of unfavorable dependence so as to satisfy the test. In this manner the necessity of what will fulfill the Unconscionability Test is obscured and relies upon the prudence of the court. In Milroy, the court won't give an altruistic development as to treat inadequate expressions of by and large blessing as producing results as though the contributor had proclaimed himself a trustee for the donee.[11] But Arden LJ embrace the standard of kind development on the significance of words This requires no activity on your part utilized by Pennington recorded as a hard copy to Harold and she built the words as implying that Ada and, through her, Pennington became specialist for Harold to present the offer exchange to the organization. ArdenLJ didn't give any rule on the standard of generous development, for example, what will fulfill the prerequisite of kindhearted development; and when will the court receives the utilization of big-hearted development. Contrasts from the common law The general guideline in Milroy is that settlor more likely than not done all things required to be done to move the property. In the event that pioneer has not done all things required to impact move, the court/value won't understand a bombed blessing/move as a revelation of trust. The standard has been applied carefully in cases, for example, Richards (1874)[12] and Re Fry (1946). The exacting use of the standard in Milroy had been loose in the instances of Re Rose (1952), Mascall (1984) and the ongoing instance of Choithram (2001)[13]. In Re Rose, the court loosened up the severe standard and held that it was a bit much that the giver ought to have done all that it was important to be done to finish the blessing. It was adequate if the benefactor had given it his best shot to move title to the trustee, even there was shy of enlistment of the exchange. Along these lines in Re Rose, trust established if benefactor makes every effort to strip himself of the trust property and move of legitimate title comes up short for another explanation. The precept in Re Rose has been followed in Mascall (1984)[14]. Be that as it may, the execution of the archive of task by the giver and the genuine conveyance of the structure/record of the task to the transferee were as yet the basic prerequisites. In Trustee of the Property of Pehrsson v von Greyerz (1999), the exchange is flopped because of the absence of real conveyance of the exchange. In Choithram (2001), the court had additionally loosened up the severe guideline in Milroy. The appointed authority held that in spite of the fact that value won't help a volunteer, it won't endeavor impertinently to vanquish a gift[15] This case presented the possibility of unconscionability as talked about above in para.5. In the choice in Pennington repudiated the choice in Milroy that value won't help a volunteer. For this situation, Harold didn't give any thought aside from he consented to turn into a chief. It additionally negated the precept in Re Rose. Ada didnt convey the exchange structure to Harold, it contradicted to the prerequisite of genuine conveyance in Re Rose. The appropriation of the guideline of big-hearted rule repudiated to the choice in Milroy, that court won't give a generous development in order to treat insufficient expressions of through and through blessing as producing results as though the benefactor had proclaimed himself a trustee for the donee[16] The judgment of ClarkeLJ, that Ada had executed a legitimate exchange of the fair title with the outcome that Ada had held the lawful title as trustee, it negated the

Theories of Nationalism and Ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Hypotheses of Nationalism and Ethnicity - Essay Example This is the thing that they call the â€Å"Toyota Way†. Whatever qualities it might convey, it must be foundational, genuinely enduring and significant to them. Along this line, the fundamental worry of this paper is the Japanese ethnicity conspicuous in the Japanese-based Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). The expected structure is to examine the uniqueness of the much explored administration style_ the â€Å"Toyota Way† simultaneously figure out which sociological points of view and ideal models that would apply to the attributes of Toyota’s Japanese ethnicity just as decide how it has given extraordinary effect on the accomplishment of TMC. This paper tries to attract a few responses to questions like has Japanese ethnicity presented even more an issue or a bit of leeway to TMC? What strategies does TMC use on its kin to have the option to construct and accomplish such notoriety which won the certainty of people in general to belittle TMC’s quality-made ve hicles and administrations inside a Western-commanded work zone? What is this Toyota Way? How does Japanese ethnicity influence the quality execution of TMC? This scholastic exercise would endeavor to relate chose socio-ethnical standards to the built up ethos or standards utilized by TMC just as perhaps draw out certain answers whether these standards cover, negate or supplement one another? It is then inside these parameters that the conversation on this paper will spin. Then again, the confinement of this paper may be on the time allotment used to highlight genuine states of TMC as this paper utilizes information and time arrangement, explicitly a year prior to date or before the March 11, 2011 torrent calamity and atomic emergency. Catchphrases: Toyota Way, Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Corporate culture Toyota Motor Corporation’s Domain Before inserting the sociological viewpoints of ethnicity to TMC’s the executives standards and to see better the subject understudy, it is imperative to have information first of Toyota Motor Corporation, its corporate way of thinking, qualities, vision, and how it works. TMC’s space has a place with the car business and in this way, its fundamental item is the vehicle. Be that as it may, â€Å"TMC today has extended its business to other non-car related business exercises to include: network occupation support, instruction, money related administrations, among others. Their partners include: clients, colleagues (sellers and providers), speculators, buyers, nongovernmental associations government, network, stockholders.†(â€Å"Toyota Company Overview†, 2011) A Window to Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) Toyota’s Significant Achievements Through the years, â€Å"Toyota has more than once outflanked its rivals in quality, dependability, efficiency, cost decrease, deals and piece of the pie development, and market capitalization† (Spear, 2010). TMC, inside its space, has increased op en trust in the nature of its sumptuous, conservative and ecological benevolent vehicles and other hello there tech items it delivered. It has additionally extended to wander on improved trend setting innovation items like mechanical technology, prototyped condition benevolent electric taxis; led exercises that reduce carbon outflow in the earth and in its other contribution identified with its goal to complete its corporate social obligation. Not to overlook, TMC has extended likewise its non-car exercises like network instruction and job bolster bundles as

Great Ideas For Writing Articles Using Paper Printables

Great Ideas For Writing Articles Using Paper PrintablesWriting paper printables is a great way to get ideas for your next article. It also has other uses such as giving you ideas for titles, lists and advertisements. Once you have all the information you need to get started, it is easy to get online and purchase your printable resource.There are many different types of printables available on the internet. You can find themes and subjects that have already been written about on several different sites. These themes and subjects usually include a specific type of ad or page layout. They are also full of images and information for you to use in your next project.For example, if you have an essay due soon and you need ideas for questions to ask, a list paper would be perfect. One of the reasons a book review is so popular is because they provide ideas and information for review. The idea is that you read over the material and take your time in answering the questions.Another good use fo r paper printables is if you have a blog post you want to share with the world. You can use a theme from an ad to help you start off your post. If you are not sure how to start a blog from scratch, finding templates and themes that already exist can make your job easier.The ideas that you get from writing paper printables will be important when you are ready to get started on the actual writing project. Most of the time, these printables have a title, which means that you have already formatted the text to fit the style. This is a good way to be able to structure your own work quickly and easily.When you are using these templates, you will find that they are not only easy to use but they are also very interesting ways to get ideas for articles and posts. They can also give you an idea of how a certain article will be formatted. They are also a great way to get ideas for your next article.If you are interested in using paper printables, you can buy them from any type of website onlin e. The more simple the template, the less money you will have to pay. A design that is a little more complex can cost slightly more.You can save time and money by searching for templates and themes on your computer online. This can be especially helpful if you have a limited number of desktop computers that you need to use. Many people have websites that allow you to save paper with the use of paper printables.

The Pros And Cons Of Corporal Punishment - 707 Words

What is corporal punishment and what is being done about it? Corporal punishment is in layman’s terms is a physical discipline of a child such as slapping, hitting, whipping, and paddling, along with other types of physical contact. Forty-three countries have laws against corporal punishment and more than one-hundred countries have recognized it is wrong but has not banned it. The reason the ban is effective is it limits the parents from the vague guidelines that are set and prevents them from becoming harsher and eventually abusive. Additionally, studies have shown that children under the age of six cannot comprehend the reason as to why they are being spanked. The first country to ban corporal punishment was Sweden effective July 1,†¦show more content†¦schools every year. Although it is becoming less common for schools to do this. The United States and Somalia are the only two countries that haven’t ratified the United Nations Convention on rights of the child. Eighty percent of parents in America have said they have hit their kids. The consensus being most Americans think it’s okay to hit your child but not abuse them. The struggle to changing this way of parenting is people say and think â€Å"I was spanked as a child and I turned out okay.† Corporal punishment has been passed down for so many generations it makes it hard to break this cycle because it’s just the norm here. It will take a long time to change if it ever does without a ban against it. Parents also have the view of no one has the right to tell them how to raise their child. There seems to be some controversy over the topic and some rese archers suggesting that spanking is okay to get an immediate stop of the bad behavior. Spanking shouldn’t be the only tool in the discipline bag but should be used as a last resort. Research has shown that corporal punishment can be traumatizing for the child as they don’t fully understand why they are being hit or the reasoning to being spanked. The child just sees it as there parents being violent. This can cause a lack of trust between a child and parent. In some countries, as well as, people living in societies where corporal punishment is allowed they view it as â€Å"lazy†Show MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Judicial Corporal Punishment Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesPunishment, the word has brought fear to men and children alike, leaning towards adult offenders it tends to take on deeper connotations. As a child you would be punished by your parents, school leaders and other parental figures, and mostly under not so serious circumstances, usually requirin g very little corporal punishment and/or separation from entertainment devices. 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Communication and interpersonal skills Essay - 597 Words

2.0 Understand how communication and interpersonal skills affect managerial performance in the workplace Evaluate how interpersonal skills and communication skills affect managerial performance 2.1 It is self-evident that communication and interpersonal skills are crucial in the workplace. Good two-way communication is important to enable the flow of information in an effective way whether it be verbal or non-verbal. Good communication has a positive impact on the performance of the team including; everyone is clear what is expected from them, they receive good feedback and recognition of achievements which makes staff feel valued and boosts employee morale. 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South African College of Applied Psychology2 Class: I Due Date: RESEARCH ON FOETAL SYNDROME IN LIGHT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT. 3 4 Table of contents5 Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................................................2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Read MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills Test On Communication754 Words   |  4 Pages I took the Interpersonal Communication Skills Test on â€Å"Queendom.com†. It seemed relevant to my work as a counselor since I will be communicating with clients on a daily basis. 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The Media s Influence On Public Perception Essay

These beliefs stem from the media and how Hollywood portrays fictional characters with mental illnesses. At which point there seems to be a common misunderstanding towards individuals suffering from a mental illness. When it comes to people suffering with mental health, doctors, schools, and everything in between seem to have either a positive or negative outlook on the subject. The stereotypes and misinformation of mental illnesses can lead to a delay in seeking medical help. The media’s influence on public perception and the degree to which people are exposed to media representations makes the mass media one of the most popular influence around the world. Mass media is a very practical source of information. However, when it comes to mental illness, the media tends to be unrealistic. Whether it’s positive or negative, the media molds our ideas and ways in which we understand other people. The implications of the often unfair and inaccurate portrayals of mental health issues are consequential. Faulty information in the media about mental illness results in misunderstandings that can have very real and sizeable consequences. For example, inaccurate depictions of schizophrenia can lead to false beliefs and confusion. Dr. Oz defines schizophrenia as â€Å"an illness of thinking and emotion where the brain struggles to properly organize information from the outside world and interpretations from within.† The media often confuses schizophrenia with multiple personality disorderShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On The Public Perception Of The Media934 Words   |  4 PagesJournalism is an industry that provides a source of information and news for the public, while popular culture is a source of portrayal of the image of the journalist. 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Starbucks’ Mission Social Responsibility and Brand Strength Essay Sample free essay sample

The instance â€Å"Starbucks’ Mission Social Responsibility and trade name Strength† fundamentally discusses many things. It briefs you on how Starbucks came approximately in 1973 and how the company has evolved since so and the importance of supporting its image. The company did many things to support its image such as seting money back into the interest holder. Besides Starbucks make a happy work environment by giving their employees full benefits. Starbucks offer one of the best wellness attention plans in the java store industry. By giving the employees what they want they â€Å"make them feel like they are portion of something larger than themselves and they besides believe they have a voice. † This instance besides talks about how Starbucks maintains a good repute for societal responsibly and concern moralss throughout the international community of java agriculturists by constructing positive relationships with little java providers every bit good as the l arger 1s. They besides talk about how the company is besides involved in a societal development plan that investigates edifice schools and wellness clinics. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks’ Mission Social Responsibility and Brand Strength Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page every bit good as other undertakings that benefit coffee-growing communities. The instance explains how Starbucks is environmental friendly company. In fact Starbucks was voted â€Å"Most Ethical Company† in 2010. The company thrives themselves on going â€Å"green† by seeking to assist clean up waste issues. Finally they instance negotiations about how Starbucks offer stuff the clients would desire such as ascents to the java machines. or new nutrient and imbibe merchandise and even making a â€Å"instant assemblage spot† and a topographic point that can pull people together. Starbucks development has been based on doing everybody around them happy to do them experience like they are portion of something large. 1. Why do you believe Starbucks has been so concerned with societal duty in its overall corporate scheme? I believe that Starbucks has to be concerned with societal duty because it affects all parties. In fact I believe that Starbucks has achieved societal duty by taking stairss to follow guidelines. minimise its environmental jobs. and became an active spouse within the community. Making that shows Starbucks justness because it has been shown that ethical companies do better for the hereafter. Customers feel good about conveying concern to societal responsible companies and employees experience good about working at that place. This creates better client service by employees because of the felicity shown by all parties created by the cooperation. Small things suction has societal felicity can jar a cooperation to the following degree. Besides they could take a negative impact in the fiscal state of affairs 2. Is Starbucks unique in being able to supply a high degree of benefits to its employees? I believe Starbucks is alone in being able to supply a high degree of benefits to its employees. Many concerns or companies do non supply employees with many benefits and if so they receive the basic benefit bundle. Your employer. by Torahs is non obligated to supply you with a deep benefit bundle. Starbucks understands how of import employees are and that their workers are the face of the company. Happy employees create good client service experiences and repetition concern. Besides this makes the competition for Starbucks less because they can offer something other concerns likely don’t offer. 3. Make you believe that Starbucks has grown quickly because of its ethical and socially responsible activities or because it provides merchandises and an environment that clients want? Starbucks rapid growing is due to both its ethical and socially responsible activities and it supplying merchandises and an environment that clients want. A company needs to worry about its concern in the hereafter and the present. Its ethical and socially responsible activities create a positive image in the public oculus. Customers want to back up concerns like this and employees want to work for a company that makes them experience like they are a portion of something bigger. This helps the company in the long tally. A company besides has entreaty to the client by supplying a welcoming and comfy environment and by remaining up to day of the month on merchandises that they use. No client wants to come to an out of day of the month shop. so hence they create a client friendly environment that allows the client to loosen up and still travel on with their several concern.

Bipolar Disorder Cause Of Great Madness Or free essay sample

Bipolar Disorder: Cause Of Great Madness Or Great Genius? Essay, Research Paper Is bipolar upset the cause of great lunacy or great mastermind? The symptoms of this mental unwellness may besides be considered as the drive forces behind some of the most talented and gifted people to decorate our society. Although persons with this unwellness may hold some obstructions to get the better of, it can be accomplished. With all of the intervention plans that are widely available, people have many options and methods to turn to for aid. Bipolar upset, besides referred to as frenzied depression, is a temper upset. A individual with bipolar upset will hold utmost temper displacements between passion, a province of extremely elevated euphoric feelings, and depression, a province of despondence and desperation. These displacements can take hebdomads, yearss, or even proceedingss to go on. The period between displacements will change for each person, depending on the badness of the upset ( Williams A ; Wilkins, 1999, pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Bipolar Disorder Cause Of Great Madness Or or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5-35 ) . Approximately two per centum of grownups have this mental unwellness, and about 15 per centum of those grownups will try suicide. Bipolar upset affects both work forces and adult females and the affected rates are similar between different civilizations and states. Most people with bipolar upset experience their first temper episode in their mid-twentiess, although it is non uncommon to see the first episode during childhood or in late life ( Bi-polar Disorder: Advanced Research in Health, 2000 ) . Bipolar upset is non a curable upset, although it is treatable. Bipolar is # 8220 ; among the most treatable of the psychiatric unwellnesss # 8221 ; ( Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . It is of import for people who believe that they may necessitate aid to seek it every bit shortly as possible because the earlier that bipolar upset can be diagnosed the earlier interventions can get down. Even after sing an episode, even after feeling that something may be incorrect, persons who seek aid may non ab initio receive the right diagnosing from a medical professional. Because of the similarity of symptoms, bipolar upset may ab initio be misdiagnosed as panic upset, schizophrenic disorder, or attending shortage upset ( Bi-polar Disorder: Advanced Research in Health, 2000 ) . Bipolar may besides be hard to name because the individual seeking aid may non be stating the physician everything the physician needs to cognize to right place the job. Medical professionals may merely name a individual as holding depression because they have no cognition of the inordinate enthusiasm that the patient feels. It is of import for persons seeking medical aid to be accurate and thorough in depicting their feelings or symptoms ( Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . A individual sing a frenzied episode may hold increased energy and/or rushing ideas. Feelingss of euphory and/or an increased force per unit area to speak may besides be symptoms. A individual in this phase of the unwellness may hold uncharacteristically hapless opinion and/or may be involved in some type of bad behaviour, such as unmanageable disbursement flings, accustomed reckless driving and/or take parting in unusual sexual brushs and behaviours. Normally the single denies that anything is incorrect when in a frenzied province ( Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . A individual sing the depression province of bipolar upset may hold feelings of ineptitude and/or guilt. Decreased energy and/or loss of involvement in one time enjoyable activities may besides be symptoms of clinical depression. A down individual may hold problem concentrating and/or have problem devising determinations. Depression may besides go forth persons contemplating self-destruction ( Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . There are two categorizations for bipolar upset, bipolar II and bipolar I ( Williams A ; Wilkins, 1999, pp. 5-35 ) . The combination and grade of passion and depression find the type of bipolar unwellness. It is besides determined by how long each phase lasts and the clip frame of euthymia, holding normal tempers, between phases. The cycling of phases may overlap, which is referred to as a assorted episode. The diagnostic system that is presently being used by mental wellness professionals is the # 8216 ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders # 8217 ; volume four, besides known as DSM-IV ( Manic- Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . A patient diagnosed as holding bipolar II upset has or has had at least one episode of major depression and is sing or has experienced one or more episodes of hypomania. Hypomanic episodes have the same symptoms of passion merely to a lesser grade. It is of import for intervention to get down now, to try the upset from developing into bipolar I disorder ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . Bipolar I disorder is the most terrible signifier of bipolar upset. Patients with bipolar I have fully fledged episodes of passion and experience major depressive provinces. These patients besides have mixed episodes. In add-on, some bipolar I patients may see psychotic episodes. The symptoms of bipolar I badly affect the patients # 8217 ; societal and/or occupational operation ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . There are legion intervention options for people with bipolar upset. The patient and the patient # 8217 ; s physician decide which intervention or interventions are best ( Bipolar intervention, 2000 ) . The options are chosen based on the grade of the upset and the current fortunes environing the patient ( Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . The most prevailing signifier of intervention is through psychopharmacology ; the usage of drugs that affect the patient # 8217 ; s the temper and behaviour ( What is Bipolar, 2000 ) . Temper stabilizers, which are anti-depressants, anti-anxieties, and anti-psychotics, may be used entirely or in combination to accomplish and keep a degree of mental stableness for the patient ( Psychopharmacology Tips by Dr. Bob, 1999 ) . These medicines can significantly better the patient # 8217 ; s temperament and demeanour ( What is Bipolar, 2000 ) . Anti-depressants, used to handle clinical depression, come in two different chemical compounds, selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors, known merely as SSRIs, and monoamineoxidase inhibitors, besides referred to as MAOs. SSRIs include the medicines Zoloft and Prozac while MAOs include the medicines Nardil and Parnate. Other anti-depressants are lithium ( JAMA, 1999, v.281 pp. 23-32 ) and Depakote ( Psychopharmacology Tips by Dr. Bob, 1999 ) . Some patients may see unnatural apprehensivenesss, in which an anti-anxiety drug may be needed to stamp down the unnatural trepidation felt by the patient. Ativan and Valium are two of the most common anti-anxiety medicines that are presently being prescribed to these patients ( Psychopharmacology Tips by Dr. Bob, 1999 ) . In terrible cases, normally patients diagnosed as holding bipolar I disorder, an anti-psychotic medicine such as Haldol or Risperdol may be needed. These medicines help to command the inordinate paranoia, edginess, and mistrustfulness that some bipolar patients feel ( Psychopharmacology Tips by Dr. Bob, 1999 ) . Patients typically respond good to drug therapy. Psychopharmacology may be used entirely or in concurrence with other interventions. One of these other interventions that may be used in combination with psychopharmacology, or used independently as intervention, is psychotherapeutics. There are three major types of psychotherapeutics. They are insight therapies, cognitive therapies, and behavior therapies. Mental wellness therapy, by definition, is # 8220 ; the professional application of techniques intended to handle psychological upsets and cut down emphasis # 8221 ; ( Rubin, Peplau A ; Salovey, 1993, p.492 ) . Insight therapies involve acquiring patients to discourse jobs they are holding and emotions they are experiencing, which are thought to be the cause of their psychological quandary ( Rubin, Peplau A ; Salovey, 1993, p.494 ) . One such insight therapy is psychoanalytic therapy, developed by Sigmund Freud, which helps patients detect their unconscious motivations and develop penetrations about how to set to them ( Psychotherapy, 1990 ) . Cognitive therapies takes Freud # 8217 ; s therapy method one-step further. These therapies focus non merely on what patients think, but besides centre on how and why patients think the manner they do ( Psychotherapy, 1990 ) . Albert Ellis, a clinical psychologist, developed one type of cognitive therapy known as rational-emotive therapy. This therapy focuses on the irrational beliefs of patients and the techniques used to replace those beliefs with more realistic 1s ( Rubin, Peplau A ; Salovey, 1993, pp. 501-502 ) . Behavior therapies help the patients place and alter inappropriate behaviours ( Psychotherapy, 1990 ) . Systematic desensitisation, a type of behavior therapy, seeks to replace negative ideas with positive ideas in relation to a specific fright or anxiousness ( Rubin, Peplau A ; Salovey, 1993, p. 502 ) . Psychotherapy may be conducted in private Sessionss, group Sessionss, or household Sessionss. Private Sessionss involve the patient and the physician, group Sessionss include the patient and his/her equals, and household Sessionss are comprised of the patient and his/her loved 1s. The benefit of any type of therapy T reatment and/or any type of therapy session is the relationship that is created between physician and patient. This relationship is built on trust, therefore leting the patient to experience more comfy about discoursing future jobs or issues that may originate ( Psychotherapy, 1990 ) . Hospitalization may be an component of intervention needed for patients under peculiar fortunes. Patients may be sing a terrible turn of depression or a fully fledged frenzied episode. In these cases, hospitalization may be required to explicate the patient # 8217 ; s needed medicine, adjust current doses of medicines and/or to keep the patient in a secure environment to minimise the opportunity of self-injury ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . Another method of intervention is through self-help This is when the patient enterprises in groups or research, outside of a physicians attention, which help the patient maintain or even better his/her mental status. There are many support groups worldwide for people enduring from bipolar upset, every bit good as an about infinite figure of resources available through local libraries or over the Internet. Self-help interventions are going more widely available because of the convenience of nearby support groups, updated libraries and personal computing machines ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . Persons with bipolar upset may besides turn to several alternate therapies for intervention. Some of these methods, while non openly discussed by mental wellness professionals, have statistical findings, which may take patients to see as useable methods of intervention. These methods include, but are non limited to, the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and magnet therapy. One survey compared omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oils, with an olive oil placebo in persons diagnosed with bipolar upset. The preliminary findings indicated that patients having the fish oils # 8220 ; had longer periods of remittal and performed better than the patients having placebos # 8221 ; ( Archives of General Psychiatry, 1999, 56: pp. 407-416 ) . This survey is proclaimed to be a # 8220 ; landmark effort in drug development # 8221 ; ( Archives of General Psychiatry, 1999, 56: pp. 407-416 ) . Harmonizing to a double-blind survey at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, findings indicate that # 8220 ; magnetic stimulation of the encephalon eases terrible depression # 8221 ; ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . Magnet therapy for mental unwellness can now be # 8220 ; backed up by scientific grounds # 8221 ; ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . Magnetic stimulation of the encephalon is capable of decreasing the grade of depression in patients and # 8220 ; may go an alternate to electroconvulsive intervention ( ECT ) , which causes painful paroxysms and memory damage # 8221 ; ( Bipolar Treatment, 2000 ) . ECT is one of the most controversial interventions in psychopathology. The nature of the intervention itself is compounded with its history of maltreatment, damaging media presentations, and powerful testimonies of former patients, giving it a negative repute. This signifier of intervention is non administered lightly. The determination to offer ECT to a patient is based on his/her badness of upset and nonresponsiveness to other signifiers of intervention. Although ECT does hold some terrible side effects, such as memory loss and individuality confusion, it may still be an effectual and needful signifier of intervention in some bipolar patients ( Electroconvulsive Therapy BackGround Paper, 1988 ) . Another intervention method, psychosurgery, is besides considered controversial. Psychosurgeries of the yesteryear included leukotomies, which bring to mind images of post-operative patients in an inanimate province of being. # 8220 ; The psychosurgery of today bears small resemblance to the grossly destructive technique # 8221 ; ( Psychosurgery redux, 2000 ) that was one time used in processs such as leukotomies. One of the processs performed today, known as cingulotomy, uses a tool referred to as a stereotactic frame. With this new tool, sawboness can accurately fire away targeted encephalon tissue, doing # 8220 ; neither cognitive loss nor distressing personality alterations # 8221 ; ( Psychosurgery redux, 2000 ) to the patient. Diagnosed bipolar patients, who have non responded good to other signifiers of intervention and/or those patients who are considered at high hazard for self-destruction, may be campaigners for psychosurgery ( Psychosurgery redux, 2000 ) . Science and engineering have made important progresss since the times of the ancient Greeks, when depression was thought to be caused by inordinate black gall and passion to be caused by inordinate yellow gall ( Mondimore, 1999, p. 61 ) . Today # 8217 ; s bipolar patient may have proper and expedient intervention and may do usage of any figure of intervention options. Diagnosing bipolar upset has become easier with the usage of medical manuals such as the DSM-IV. Various intervention options have become more widely accepted since medical surveies have provided convincing statistical findings. Today # 8217 ; s universe provides bipolar patients with the chance to hold long, productive, originative and happy lives. Peoples diagnosed with frenzied depression and those who suffer from it but have non yet been diagnosed, can be found in any societal position and in any topographic point. They may be a president, an creative person, a housewife, an histrion, a homeless individual, an writer, or a neighbour. The simple fact is that they are all people. Peoples with emotions, people who experience highs and depressions, people merely like every other individual on the planet. These people may hold more troubles get bying with their milieus. They may necessitate aid and support through medicines, therapies, household, and/or friends. However, most of all, they need to be appreciated for their individualism, generativity, and creativeness that they can offer to the universe. Two of the many productive and originative persons enduring from bipolar upset are George, a former pupil at Fernwood # 8217 ; s Devereux Center ( Brandywine Programs Case Studies, 2000 ) , and Joy, a housewife, poet, and webmaster ( Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . These persons have had to get the better of many obstructions in their lives, but they have prevailed. They are now both basking happy, productive and originative lives. George was sent to Fernwood, an all boys plan, after being expelled from school for destructive behaviour. An appraisal found George to be enduring from bipolar upset. At first he was frightened about the diagnosing, but now George educates others about bipolar, is involved in the community, and works at the local YMCA ( Brandywine Programs Case Studies, 2000 ) . He is merely one illustration of a bipolar patient taking a productive life. A all right illustration of a originative bipolar patient is Joy. She is the Godhead of a web site entitled Bipolar, which can be found at www.frii.com/~parrot/bip.html. Joy has educational stuffs, every bit good as merriment facts and poesy, on her web site. She uses her originative side to assist educate others about her unwellness ( Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . There are besides a figure of celebrated people with bipolar upset. Edgar Allen Poe, Vincent Van Gogh, Abraham Lincoln and Marilyn Monroe, and all had bipolar upset ( Bipolar Disorder, 2000 ) . These people are thought of as being extremely gifted and talented. Millions of people, across the universe, would likely hold that these bipolars have decidedly left their grade on the universe. Who # 8220 ; upon a midnight dreary? would sit and chew over? weak and weary # 8221 ; but Edgar Allen Poe. What would the eventides be like without Vincent Van Gogh # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Starry Night? # 8221 ; Where was freedom and equality born? The reference is Gettysburg ; the adult male of the house is Abraham Lincoln. When # 8220 ; Gentlemen Prefer Blondes # 8221 ; , they look to Marilyn Monroe. Why so, could anyone inquiry Aristotle when he said, # 8220 ; No great mastermind has of all time existed without some touch of lunacy # 8221 ; ? ReferencesBipolar Disorder. Joy Ikelman. Aug. 2000. 15 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.frii.com/~parrot/bip.htmlBi-Polar Disorder: Advanced Research in Health. Synergy Group of Canada. 17 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.truehope.com/bi-polar/bi-polar1.htmBipolar Treatment. Mental Health Net A ; CMHC Systems. 18 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: /www.mentalhelp.net/disorders/sx20t.htmBrandywine Programs Case Studies. 15 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.devereux.org/devereux/centers/beneto/case2.htm # 5Electroconvulsive Therapy Background Paper. By Research-able Inc. Mar. 1988. 16 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ect.org/resources/cmhs.htmlFriedrich, M. J. # 8220 ; Lithium: Proving Its Mettle for 50 Years. # 8221 ; Journal of American Medical Association 281 ( 1999 ) : 25-32 Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. 17 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.psych.org/public_info/manic.htmlModimore, Francis Mark. Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families. John Hopkins U. P. , 1999 Psycopharmacology Tips by Dr. Bob. Robert Hsuing, M.D. May 1999. 7 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uhs.bsd.uchicago.edu/~bhsuing/tips/tips.htmlPsychosurgery redux. 7 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/971103/surg.htmPsychotherapy. Annenburg/CPB Collection. Boston: WGBH, 1990. Rubin, Peplau A ; Salovey. Psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. What is Bipolar? Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development. 2 Aug. 2000 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bipolar.com/whatisbpd/whatisBPDFrame.htmWilliams A ; Wilkins. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Baltimore: MD, 1996.

Bipolar Disease essays

Bipolar Disease essays Mood disorders such as bipolar disorder or also known as manic-depression have been closely studied and researched for many years. Due to the inability to find one or any specific gene that contributes to this disorder it has been a long and difficult journey into the understanding of manic-depressive illness. With the contributions of many scientist and researchers slowly the understanding and treatment of bipolar disorder is becoming more clear. The use of lithium and other forms of treatment such as the integration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy have facilitated substantial results in the lives of patients and families living with this disorder. Without the continual research into such mood disorders such as manic-depressive illness assumptions may become fact, which will in turn misconstrue the meaning behind this disorder. And the Different Aspects of Treatment A growing body of research has indicated that as many as three million people in the United States are estimated to suffer from Bipolar Disorder or also known as Manic-Depression (Bower,2000). This condition is marked by periods of severe depression interspersed with episodes of uncontrollable elation, restlessness, racing thoughts and delusions of grandeur. As expected with these symptoms, this diseases not only affects the person who has the disease, but those around them. Many treatments have been used to try and calm the effects of this disorder, however only one treatment seems to be working the best and this treatment is know as Lithium chloride (Bower, 1987). It sounds almost simplistic. Mental disorders are complex and relatively common in the population. It would be too much to ask that their genetics be straight forward, that they are caused by single mutant genes. Yet there is a precedent. Huntingtons disease is caused by a single gene and whoever inherits the gene sooner or later develops the disease. In about half of all...

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HUMAN AGENCY AND COMMUNITY IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD - Term Paper Example The human individual has to face different social events that are continuously influencing many aspects of his or her community. Humans, as agents of social modification and development, face the challenges of world events. Through the presence of globalization, people become more aware of different views and ways of life while being vulnerable to being engulfed by such new ideas. They are susceptible to incorporating new perspective in their practice. Thus, the human individual as social agent has a big role in restructuring or maintaining the norms and traditions of his or her society. In this paper, an exploration will be presented about how a human individual in a globalized world setting is acting upon the events and changes happening in his or her society. In light to the discussion, narratives from Ha Jin’s book will be studied focusing on the issues of changing societies and human individuality. Two instances of globalization from Ha Jin’s book will be discussed and will be examined using Amartya Sen’s and Kwame Anthony Appiah’s comments and discussions in connection with globalization and the status of human individual in the global community. ... One instance of globalization that is illustrated in the book is that of the situation of the narrator in the ‘An Entrepreneur Story’ where he experienced how money and capitalism influences many things in the world (Ha 116-126), if not all. In this example, capitalism as used by international community as political and economic strategy is being projected in the narrator’s thoughts and intention. Generally, capitalism becomes central to the theme of the story. The implicit and explicit conditions of people in a nearly capitalist community as influenced by world economic politics are depicted. Another event in the book where implications of globalization can be found is that of the story of a man in the title story. The story narrating about a man named Baowen, a husband, (Ha 91) arrested because of the ‘crimes’ of homosexuality is quite surprising. In the story, homosexuality is viewed to be like an illness that needs clinical cure. In here, we see h ow myths about the matter are being shown implying the deep-rooted political and social factors influencing it. This instance is also related to the outside phenomenon happening outside the setting’s local community. In the global society, certain views and modifications about the issue of gender and homosexuality have circulated and startled people from different parts of the world. This matter is just one of the prominent issues talked about in the international communities. Thus, it is apparent that the characters in the story, representing ‘the human individuals’ in the community, are affected by the circulating views and perspectives introduced by globalization. In reading Ha Jin’s stories, particularly those instances

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The power of tweens Essay Example for Free

The power of tweens Essay Like no other time in history, the purchasing power of children ages nine to fourteen has increased to become a force to be reckoned with.   With celebrity tweens like Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen paving the way into the massive tween audience, today it is the likes of Miley Cyrus who is well on her way to becoming a billionaire off the incredible spending power of the tween population.   While music and movie stars benefit largely from the new purchasing power of tweens, many other industries benefit as well, including the electronics industry, the clothing industry, and the food industry. As tweens spend their allowance money, as well as their parents’ money on items often marketed directly to them, there also remains differences in the purchases of male and female tweens that influences not only how companies market their products, but how tweens spend their money.   And, while tweens’ spending power continues to increase at a rate previously unseen in society, they still lack the spending freedom afforded to their older teenage counterparts as well as adults. To truly take advantage of the tween market, it is necessary to create a credit card designed especially for tweens that will allow them to purchase as they like, while simultaneously being overseen by their parents.   Through this creation, tweens could learn how to become more experienced in spending money, and parents could be more involved in the consumer life of their children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The power of tweens in the marketplace can no longer be ignored by industries, who are now making a greater effort than ever to reach the profitable demographic.   In just a decade, the influence of tweens on marketing has become significant, as not only do they possess purchasing power of their own, but they also influence the purchasing decisions of their parents.   Between the years of 1990 and 2000, industry spending on advertising to tweens exploded during the decade, increasing from a mere $100 million to more than $2 billion (â€Å"How Marketers Target Kids†).   This huge increase in spending on advertising to tweens speaks better than anything else in showing how powerful a market they have become.    In the essay, â€Å"The Selling of Rebellion† it is demonstrated how the marketing world has attempted to sell the ideas of breaking loose of boundaries through consumerism to young tweens.   â€Å"Breaking the rules† has become desirable, after decades of advertisers suggesting those that break the rules transcend the boundaries of the common world.   This tactic is especially useful on young consumers like tweens.   In his essay, John Leo points out how Madison Avenue targets the youthful desire for freedom and individuality, and coopts its rhetoric for purposes that are uniquely conformist (Leo).   This marketing strategy manages to sell the illusion of freedom, while encouraging â€Å"transgression† on the part of tween consumers.    To Leo, transgression allows tweens to break the boundaries while staying within the greater circle of conformity, to rebel and while conforming.   To a tween, both of these concepts are extremely important and have led to significant spending in recent years on products that appeal to both needs.   The total income that tweens had to spend in 2003 was reported to be upwards of $42.3 billion dollars, with marketing analysts predicting increases of around 2 percent a year in both the United States and Europe (â€Å"Tween Teen Trends†).    While the total income tweens spend on items reflects some of their purchasing power, the true extent of their purchases is far greater and tween spending worldwide is higher than ever at an estimated $170 billion (â€Å"Tweens Empowered and with Money to Burn†).   With such obvious purchasing power, the massive tween market has become a priority of advertisers that spend increasing amounts of money to reach them, often with very profitable results. The unique age of tweens has many of them considering themselves no longer children, and advertisers capitalize on this fact.   Industry analysts have found that children eleven and older no longer consider themselves children, and the Toy Manufacturers of America have changed their target market from birth to fourteen years old to birth to ten years old (â€Å"The ‘Tween Market’†).   This shows that tweens’ tastes have grown more sophisticated in just a few decades, due in no small part to the efforts of advertisers and market research groups.    A 2000 report from the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. revealed how Hollywood routinely recruits tweens to evaluate its story concepts, commercials, theatrical trailers and rough cuts for R-rated movies, which has gone a long way in instilling a sense of adulthood in the young children, and helping to instill a greater sense of independence and separation from their parents, especially in the way they spend their money (â€Å"The ‘Tween’ Market†). While many adults and parents question the motives of industries that target their children, as well as the methods used, it has become an irremovable fact of society that tweens are being treated more as adults than children, especially when it comes to taking full advantage of their purchasing power.   However, despite the fact that their purchasing power is treated with the same level of respect as adults, the products that tweens continue to purchase reflect their young age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the most popular products that tweens spend their money on continue to be the same things children have always spent money on.   It is estimated that spending on food accounts for roughly 17.0% of tweens’ disposable income in 2008, which includes things like candy, fast food, and soft drinks; in the U.S. alone there will be a reported 1.1 billion extra tween snacking occasions in 2008 relative to 2003, which means tweens will be spending more money than ever on candy and junk food (â€Å"Tween Teen Trends†).    Even though tween spending has grown more sophisticated in recent years, the overwhelming total of tween pocket money goes to confectionery goods and snacks, with an estimated $18.2 billion in tween money spent on confectionery in 2004, with a further $8.9 billion and $5 billion spent on soft drinks and sweet or savory snacks (â€Å"Tweens Empowered and with Money to Burn†).   These numbers reflect the common purchases of both male and female tweens, both of which spend indiscriminately on candies and sodas often marketed straight to them.   However, there have been more efforts made in recent years to target to the specific genders of tweens, and the purchases they make have reflected specific preferences by each group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Females have long been known to mature faster than males, and the tween age is a representation of this.   Female tweens spend far more money on certain items that are not necessarily toys or candies, but rather things that help reflect their move into adulthood.   Fashion and cosmetics are extremely important to tween girls, and according to recent research of a three-month period in 2003, 90 percent of tweens and parents of tweens reported spending money on clothing items, averaging roughly $100 per purchase in most cases; shoes and sneakers also ranked considerably high on the list, reflecting the importance tweens place on fashion and staying trendy (Clack). Even more so than their male counterparts, female tweens use their purchasing power to develop their unique sense of identity and attempt to cultivate an older self-image.   This is reflected in the advertising by the fashion industry geared towards tweens, which often uses provocative marketing campaigns that feature very young models and sell a very adult concept of sexuality to the young tweens (â€Å"The ‘Tween Market’†).   With role models like Britney Spears and the Miley Cyrus, the adult sexuality portrayed by such stars also goes a long way in influencing tween girls to emulate such behavior. This has led to makeup becoming another major growth area in the tween girl market, though instead of the expensive adult cosmetics, tween girls prefer to purchase products such as shimmer, eye shadow, and lip gloss (Clack).   The emphasis on fashion is not to say that tween girls do not make some similar purchases to boys, as both genders spend a great deal of money on entertainment such as CDs and movies, but when it comes to technology, tween boys far outpace the girls in their spending habits. While cellphones, PDAs, and Ipods have become standard purchases of both tween boys and girls, one of the most significant burgeoning markets in the past decade has been the videogame market.   Due largely to the male tween population, the video game industry became the most profitable entertainment industry in the United States, outpacing both music and movies.   U.S. annual shipments more than doubled from 69 million in 1996 to 159 million in 1998, and during this time, U.S. sales increased from 3.6 billion dollars to 6.2 billion dollars; in 1996 video games represented 2% of toy shipments and 15% of sales dollars, and by 1998 it grew to 4% of toy shipments and 22% of sales dollars. Today, total video game sales grew 43 percent in 2007, up from $12.53 billion in 2006, and in December, historically the industrys strongest month, Americans spent $4.82 billion on video games, up 28 percent from a year earlier and up 83 percent from $2.63 billion in November, helped by the success of handheld units like Nintendo DS and the latest generation of home consoles (Ortutay). The tween demand for sophisticated toys, as well as the constant introduction of new games consoles, has been good news for the video games industry, as research shows that tweens spent $4.3 billion on video games, which accounted for over 13% of total videogames sales, where tweens’ spending on traditional toys and games dwindled to only 6% of total sales (â€Å"Tweens: Empowered with Money to Burn†).   The popularity of video games and the purchasing power of tweens have combined to create a situation in which male tweens spend far more money on technological items than ever before, especially in the form of videogames. Despite the hefty price tags, new video game systems bring tweens and adults alike together in front of the television to partake in the videogame fun, proving that videogames remain an aspect of popular culture that brings all ages together like few others can.   The shared interest and purchases that tweens have with adults, often their own parents, seems to suggest that a greater effort should be made to educate and control their purchasing power. Credit cards are used more than ever, and their popularity is reflected in the massive credit card debt that has been racked up in the United States over the past few decades.   It is estimated that at the end of 2002, Americans carried over $750.9 billion in outstanding credit card debt (Weston).   While some consumers are successfully managing to pay off their debt, many are in trouble and forced to make changes in their spending.   For tweens, having a highly regulated credit card could possibly lead to preventing many of the credit pitfalls experienced by the older consumers.   By introducing a credit card aimed directly at tweens and controlled by their parents, tweens would be able to continue their purchasing habits while under the guidance of their parents. While the common tween may feel this to be restricting their newfound purchasing power, as it is, few tweens have their own source of income to begin with and get the majority of their money from their parents.   It only makes sense that this also reflects in the fact that the vast majority of tween purchases, around 72 percent, are made with decisions made jointly by both the parent and the tween; a smaller margin of purchases, around 19 percent, are made solely by the parent on behalf of the tween, while only 8 percent of tween purchases are made by the tween alone (Clack).   By presenting tweens with a credit card that was controlled by the parents, they could be made more independent and make more purchases on their own. This way, tweens would be given the benefits of having to learn the value of money and parents could better regulate and discover what their children are purchasing from the invoices.   They could even place limits on their child’s spending on the card, which would prevent the tweens from making any costly spending mistakes.   Instead of relying on a profit-motivated bank that makes money on interest rates and penalty fees, tweens could instead rely on their parents to help educate them to such things, proving a considerably more cost effective means of learning the system of credit cards rather than the way that many adults often do, which is to fall into a massive hole of debt. The new purchasing power of the tween market cannot be denied, but it is in the best interests of their parents to make sure it can be controlled.   The fact that the majority of tween purchases are made jointly by tweens and their parents, a tween credit card regulated by their parents could be an ideal way of ensuring that their children avoid spending too much money on things they do not really need, and also avoid falling into the trap of overwhelming credit card debt.   A tween credit card could teach them the value of money at an early age, as well as make them feel more independent and grownup.    Feeling more independent and grownup is very important to tweens, and if parents fail to do the job, hungry marketers are more than happy to do it for them, gearing complex marketing campaigns towards tweens with disposable income.   If anything, a credit card designed for tweens and controlled by their parents will allow them to each take the power back from marketers that target the tweens youthful ignorance and the parents’ ignorance to their children’s purchases.   In the end, the purchasing power of tweens may be a global phenomenon, but they are still children and the responsibility for their actions should continue to remain with their parents, which a tween credit card could most assuredly do. Works Cited: Clack, Erin E. â€Å"What a Tween Wants Now: Market Research Experts Reveal Whats New With This Important Demographic.† Reach Advisors. 1 Apr 2004. 29 Apr 2008. http://www.reachadvisors.com/childrensbusinessarticle2.html. â€Å"How Marketers Target Kids.† Media Awareness Network. 2008. 29 Apr 2008. http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/ marketing/issues_teens_marketing.cfm. Leo, John. â€Å"The Selling of Rebellion.† Exploring Language, 10th Ed. Longman: 2003. Ortutay, Barbara. â€Å"Nintendo tops video game sales in 2007.† MSNBC. 17 Jan 2008. 29 Apr http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22718374/. â€Å"Tween Teen Trends.† Datamonitor. 19 Jan 2005. 29 Apr 2008. http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1094144g=1. â€Å"Tweens: empowered and with money to burn.† Euromonitor International. 10 Mar 2006. 29 Apr 2008. http://www.euromonitor.com/ Tweens_empowered_and_with_money_to_burn.     Ã¢â‚¬Å"The ‘Tween Market’.† Media Awareness Network. 2008. 29 Apr 2008. http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/marketers_target_kids.cfm. Weston, Liz Pulliam. â€Å"The Truth About Credit Card Debt.† MSNBC. 2008. 29 Apr 2008. http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Banking/creditcardsmarts/P74808.asp.

Marion Barry :: essays research papers fc

Marion Barry, good mayor but bad man. Marion Barry former Mayor of the United States capital. Most known in America for his "Bitch set me up", video taped, Ramada Inn arrest. Charged with possession of a controlled substance, he was still reelected in 1994. This proving Mayor Barry was respected by many Washington citizens and a good Mayor. Marion Barry was possibly a great man with great intentions but weaknesses to sex, drugs, racism and pressures of the position of taking care of a city. Marion Barry born in Mississippi 1936. Raised in a poor family with a yearly income of $250, Marion grew a hatred for the white ruled society around him. Wanting so much more than what he had Marion always struggled to earn as much money as he could. Marion had many jobs as a teenager and teachers often understood he was a very hardworking individual. Barry always stayed out of crime devoting himself to hard work at school and work. (Agronsky 79-85) Upon graduating from high school the same year of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Supreme Court case, Marion would be the first Barry to attend college (Agronsky 87). Growing up in the desegregation period of America shaped the racially focused person Marion Barry became. Marion Barry attended LeMoyne College in South-Memphis were he majored in Chemistry. Teachers and Students alike agree he studied Chemistry to be different from the rest of black students attending LeMoyne (Agronsky 87). Marion claims to have had very different values than others brought up in the same area as he and he was always an individual (Agronsky 88). Unlike many black students in the fifties Marion was very driven by a struggle for civil rights and racial equality. When LeMoyne trustee Walter Chandler made several anti-integration statements Marion took his first action against racism. He wrote a letter to the school newspaper demanding Chandler's resignation. The letter was eventuall y reprinted in several Memphis newspapers. Upon reading the letter the NAACP executive Roy Akins stepped in and Prendergast 2 heralded Marion as "one of the most righteous young men in Memphis!" (Agronsky 91). Even though the college was not very happy about Barry's remarks, the students and people of Memphis regarded him as a hero and a hope in the new civil rights movement "sweeping the south" (Agronsky 93). (Agronsky 90-93) While getting his Master's Degree in Chemistry at Fisk University in Nashville, Marion Barry would continue the struggle for integration.

LOM Assignment

â€Å"Lung conditions caused by 9/11† Write about the different types of lung conditions being found as a result of 9/11. We all remember the effects of this horrible day on September 11, 2001; but what we don’t know is the effects it still had on so many after the tragedy ended. When the towers of the World Trade Center collapsed it produced a dense could of smoke and vaporized concrete and drywall. New York City Fire Department rescue workers were exposed to polluted air- as well as dust and diesel exhaust that accompanied the rescues effort, this had reduced there lung function in weeks and months following the attack.Now a new study in the â€Å"New England Journal of Medicine† report that the lung impairment they observed in the rescue workers appears to be lasting. Firefighters, Emergency Medical personnel continued to have decreased lung function up to seven years after 9/11. They found most of this group suffered from â€Å"Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, Lu ng Cancer, Mesothelioma, Tuberculosis, and Sarcoidosis† (especially prevalent among recovery and clean-up workers); 9/11 also exposed some people to having GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disorder) they addressed these declines with regular monitoring and aggressive treatment.In 2001 and 2002 the lung function of more than 12,000 fire fighters, rescue workers who were at Ground Zero had there lung functions measured, comparing the results to lung function tests given to the same group before 9/11 as a part as their department physicals. On average the lung function of the workers declined by an amount equivalent to twelve years of natural aging. In new studies, researchers continued to follow these fire fighters and medical personnel for an average of six years measuring there lung function every twelve to eighteen months to see if the initial decline persisted.They were surprised to find â€Å"little or no† improvement in average lung function, according to the study. Th e persistent decline in lung function has potential short-term consequences, it places them at higher risk for shortness of breath, cough, wheeze and impairments in their ability to exercise and perform physically demanding jobs. A lot of these heroes are now unable to work because of these long term conditions of this horrible tragedy.

My Interview On My Personality - 1401 Words

. This diagram tells exactly how is my personality. At work I am very conscientious employee. I like to finish the task I begin and I do it in an organized way. When I have issues at work I am always positive that we need to find a way to solve the problem. Another personality that describes me is Openness. My boss mentioned that to me in my last review. I like to start new projects and I am very creative adding new ideas. Sometimes I can be a little insecure of myself when I am in the middle of a difficult task; however, I try to do my best. 3. A new concept I discovered in Chapter 8 was the Big Five dimensions of personality. Before reading this chapter I did not think about how personalities affect the work place. When employees arrive†¦show more content†¦These kind of employees often do better in work environments or positions in which they have limited contact with customers or coworkers. 4. a. Indra K. Nooyi was born in Madras, India, in 1955, and was a bit of a rule breaker in her conservative, middle-class world as she grew up. In an era in India where it was considered unseemly for young women to exert themselves, she joined an all-girls cricket team. She even played guitar in an all-female rock band while studying at Madras Christian College. After earning her undergraduate degree in chemistry, physics, and math, she went on to enroll in the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta. At the time, it was one of just two schools in the country that offered a master s in business administration degree, or M.B.A. Nooyi s first job after earning her degree was with Tootal, a British textile company. It had had been founded in Manchester, England, in 1799, but had extensive holdings in India. After that, Nooyi was hired as a brand manager at the Bombay offices of Johnson Johnson, the personal-care products maker. She was given the Stayfree account, which might have proved a major challenge for even an experienced marketing executive. Nooyi began to feel that perhaps she was underprepared for the business world. Determined to study in the United States, she applied to and was accepted by Yale University s Graduate School of Management in New Haven,